Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Who Built
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Today, December 21, 2025
December 21: Yule: -- December 25, 2025:
Astronomical Events: Solstices: The Winter Solstice (Northern
Hemisphere) (The Midwinter Solstice, The Hiemal Solstice, The
Hibernal Solstice): -- The Winter Solstice occurs in the Northern
Hemisphere as the Earth's north pole has its maximum tilt away
from the Sun. It happens twice yearly, once in each hemisphere
(Northern and Southern). For that hemisphere, the winter solstice
is the day with the shortest period of daylight and longest night
of the year, when the Sun is at its lowest daily maximum elevation
in the sky. At the pole, there is continuous darkness or twilight
around the winter solstice. Its opposite is the summer solstice.
The winter solstice occurs during the hemisphere's winter. In the
Northern Hemisphere, this is the December solstice (usually 21 or
22 December) and in the Southern Hemisphere, this is the June
solstice (usually 20 or 21 June). Although the winter solstice
itself lasts only a moment, the term sometimes refers to the day
on which it occurs. Other names are "midwinter", the
"extreme of winter" (Dongzhi), or the "shortest
day". Traditionally, in many temperate regions, the winter
solstice is seen as the middle of winter, but today in some
countries and calendars, it is seen as the beginning of winter. In
meteorology, winter is reckoned as beginning about three weeks
before the winter solstice. Since prehistory, the winter solstice
has been seen as a significant time of year in many cultures, and
has been marked by festivals and rituals. It marked the symbolic
death and rebirth of the Sun. The seasonal significance of the
winter solstice is in the reversal of the gradual lengthening of
nights and shortening of days. On the arrival of the Winter
Solstice, Yule is celebrated, also known as Jul, which predates
the Christmas holiday by thousands of years. Linguists debate the
origin of the word Yule. Some suggest the word is derived from
"Iul," the Anglo-Saxon word for wheel. This makes a
connection to a Celtic calendar, the Wheel of the Year. However,
in the Norse culture, "Jul" refers to the god, Odin.
Odin was celebrated during Yule as well. Yule celebrations
included bonfires, decorating with holly, mistletoe, and the
boughs of evergreen trees, ritual sacrifices, feasts, and
gift-giving. Many of the traditions we use at Christmastime were
borrowed from Yule traditions of old. Whether they are from myths,
feasts, folklore, ancient beliefs, oral stories told, or
festivals, we have woven them into the fabric of our modern-day
customs. Christmas traditions borrowed from Yule include the
midwinter feast usually lasting 12 days, as in the 12 Days Of
Christmas; Vikings decorated evergreen trees with gifts such as
food, carvings, and food for the tree spirits to encourage them to
return in the spring; Mistletoe combined with the tears of the
Sun's mother resurrected her son, the God of Light and Goodness,
in a Viking myth. The Celts believe Mistletoe possessed healing
powers as well and would ward off evil spirits; in Norse
tradition, Old Man Winter visited homes to join the festivities;
the Viking god, Odin was described as a wanderer with a long white
beard and is considered the first Father Christmas; Viking
children left their shoes out by the hearth on the eve of the
winter solstice with sugar and hay for Odin's eight-legged horse,
Sleipnir; Children traipsed from house to house with gifts of
apples and oranges spiked with cloves and resting in baskets lined
with evergreen boughs; and the Yule log was a whole tree meant to
be burned for 12 days in the hearth (the Celts believed the sun
stood still during the winter solstice, and tbey believed that by
keeping the Yule log burning for these 12 days encouraged the sun
to move, making the days longer; the largest end would be fed into
the hearth, wine poured over it, and they lit it with the remains
of the previous year's Yule log, as everyone took turns feeding
the length of timber into the fire as it burned, not letting it
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Movie
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Today, December 21, 2025
December 21: Look On The Bright Side Day:
-- We can't always be optimistic, but today we can always try our
best to be! It's quite normal to feel a little down on this day
since it falls around the winter solstice in the northern
hemisphere, which means things tend to get a little cold and
cloudy outside. But, fret not, because every cloud has a silver
lining. While it may all sound very cliche, being optimistic is
scientifically good for our bodies and minds. Just like a
pessimist might see the glass as half empty, Look On The Bright
Side Day is all about seeing the glass as half full! While it may
be the shortest day of the year, people all over the world
celebrate the winter solstice, so this can be seen as something
happy to take away from the event. Various cultures and religions
have made it a special occasion for ages. The shortest day and
longest night of the year have inspired mystical celebrations,
both old and new, in anticipation of the sun's return. That's
something beautiful and optimistic to take away from this time.
December is generally a festive month throughout the world.
There's Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, and of course, Christmas, as well as
the impending New Year. But the winter solstice is another reason
to celebrate in December, which is on the same day as Look On The
Bright Side Day. It's nothing new. Humans may have observed the
winter solstice as early as the Neolithic period - the last part
of the Stone Age, beginning in about 10,200 B.C. Ancient Romans
held several celebrations around the time of the winter solstice.
Saturnalia, a holiday in honor of Saturn, the god of agriculture,
was a week-long celebration in the days leading up to the winter
solstice. The ancient Norsemen of Scandinavia celebrated Yule from
the winter solstice through January, always hopefully looking for
the return of the sun. The Inca Empire paid homage to the sun god
Inti at a winter solstice celebration called 'Inti Raymi'. In
China, Dongzhi is celebrated with family gatherings, a big meal,
and delicious rice-flour balls called tang yuan. It marks the end
of the harvest and has its roots in the concept of yin and yang -
after the solstice, the darkness of winter will begin to be
balanced with the light of the sun. At Stonehenge, modern-day
revelers witness the magical occurrence of the sun rising through
the stones. And in Pakistan, the Kalasha people celebrate the
winter solstice or 'Choimus' with a colorful swirl of traditional
dance, food, and prayer dance. Today, on Look On The Bright Side
Day, take something beautiful out of these cultural and ancient
traditions during the shortest day of the year and try to be
optimistic. After all, the sun will come again! On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: A
Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens Ronald Colman CD, MP3, USB
Stick
Today, December 21, 2025
December 21: National Humbug Day: -- A
holiday that allows you to cast off your frustrations before
Christmas. Because the pressures of the festive season can get to
us all, it is important that we all get a day to vent out all our
frustrations. Created by Thomas and Ruth Roy, Humbug Day affords
everyone 12 free humbugs. Things can get chaotic during the
holidays, that's why this day was created to help people cope with
the stress and challenges. Humbug is a word used to underplay the
relevance of a person or an event. At first, it was just student
slang used as a joke. But it became a catchphrase after Charles
Dickens used it in his book titled "A Christmas Carol."
The character of Ebenezer Scrooge is a miser and miserabilist who
doesn't celebrate the Christmas holiday but mocked those who did.
Scrooge's character eventually became very popular, attaining pop
culture status. The character has since been in several media,
often bordering around the Christmas festivities. Several books
and movies have portrayed the character since its first use in
Charles Dickens' book. The character is most notable for blurting
out these words during the festivities: "Bah, Humbug!"
He does this to express his frustration and lack of enthusiasm
during the holidays. But, Ebenezer Scrooge's character later
developed into a more likable character, finally embracing and
enjoying Christmas like every other person. Likewise, we also may
start to feel unsatisfied and frustrated as the pressure of
festivities comes upon us. That's why it is important to blow off
some steam before Christmas. Created by Thomas and Ruth Roy,
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Songs Of
Protest And Conscience Played In The USA DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, December 21, 2025
December 21: National Homeless Persons'
Remembrance Day: -- Since 1990, the National Coalition for the
Homeless and the National Health Care for the Homeless Council
have sponsored this day to call attention to the plight of the
country's homeless population. It's also a day to encourage the
public to act on their behalf. Homelessness in the U.S. started
many years ago. During King Philip's War against the native
people, which began in 1675, many colonies were driven out of
their homes. Families became refugees across the frontier areas
like New York and New England. It became a national issue in the
1870s and sparked the creation of rescue missions, such as
America's first rescue mission, the New York City Rescue Mission,
which Jerry and Maria McAuley founded in 1872. As the government
didn't provide enough assistance, more private charities and
organizations tried their best to help. In New York City's Bowery
neighborhood, many rescue missions started appearing. In 1879, The
Bowery Mission was founded by Rev. and Mrs. A.G. Ruliffson. The
Western Soup Society began in Philadelphia to provide food for the
homeless. In the years that followed, significant events like The
Great Depression and World War II greatly increased the number of
homeless people in the U.S. Many passed homelessness to the next
generation through poverty and crime. In the 1980s, the government
started acknowledging that it was becoming a national problem. The
Homeless Survival Act was enacted in 1986, providing emergency
relief and long-term solutions to homelessness. The Homeless
Eligibility Clarification Act ended the problems associated with a
permanent address and other social barriers, leading to the
introduction of food stamps benefits, Medicaid, and other
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Behind The
Horoscope: Validating Natal Astrology DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, December 21, 2025
December 21 (2025): Solar Zodiacal
Transits: -- Capricorn (Latin: "Horned Goat", "Goat
Horn" or "Having Horns Like A Goat's"), the tenth
astrological sign in the Zodiac, is entered by the Earth's Sun,
according to the tropical zodiacal system. Capricorn is commonly
represented in the form of a sea goat: a mythical creature that is
half goat, half fish. The ruler of the sign of Capricorn is
Saturn, Mars is in its exaltation, The Moon is in its detriment
and Jupiter is in its fall. Capricorn is one of the triplicity of
astrological signs of the element of earth, and as such a negative
sign; it is a passive, yin, feminine sign as one of the six
even-numbered signs of the zodiac - Taurus, Cancer, Virgo,
Scorpio, Capricorn and Pisces - all signs which constitute the
water and earth triplicities. Capricorn is one of the four
cardinal astrological signs, signs assigned to the beginning of
one of the four seasons, and as such, Libra marks the beginning of
autumn in the northern hemisphere, and the beginning of winter in
the southern hemisphere. Cardinal signs - Aries, Cancer, Libra,
and Capricorn - are associated with leadership, originality,
determination, conviction, self-directed behavior and
competitiveness. These signs initiate change in manifold ways
while maintaining constancy with their prime motivation. On the
other hand, due to their dualistic behavior, they can often be
over-bearing, self-important, inflexible and come off as
dictatorial. Capricorn spans 270 dg to 300 dg of celestial
longitude. Under the tropical zodiac, the Sun transits this area
on average between December 22 and January 19. There appears to be
a connection between traditional Greek and Roman characterisations
of Capricorn as a sea goat and the Sumerian god of wisdom and
waters, Enki, who also had the head and upper body of a goat and
the lower body and tail of a fish. Later known as Ea in Akkadian
and Babylonian mythology, Enki was the god of intelligence (gestu,
literally "ear"), creation, crafts; magic; water,
seawater and lakewater. In Hindu astrology, the equivalent of
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
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Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1913: Crossword Puzzle Day:
-- Arthur Wynne invents the "Word-Cross Puzzle", the
first crossword puzzle, is published in the New York World, when
he was a resident of Cedar Grove, New Jersey. Arthur Wynne was
born on June 22, 1871, in Liverpool, England. His father was the
editor of the local newspaper the Liverpool Mercury. He emigrated
to the United States on June 6, 1891, at the age of 19, settling
for a time in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. While in Pittsburgh, Wynne
worked on the Pittsburgh Press newspaper. He later moved to New
York City and worked on the New York World newspaper. Wynne
created the page of puzzles for the "Fun" section of the
Sunday edition of the New York World. For the December 21, 1913,
edition, he introduced a puzzle with a diamond shape and a hollow
center, the letters F-U-N already being filled in. He called it a
"Word-Cross Puzzle." A few weeks after the first
"Word-Cross" appeared, the name of the puzzle was
changed to "Cross-Word" as a result of a typesetting
error. Wynne's puzzles have been known as "crosswords"
ever since. Although Wynne's invention was based on earlier puzzle
forms, such as the word diamond, he introduced a number of
innovations (e.g. the use of horizontal and vertical lines to
create boxes for solvers to enter letters). He subsequently
pioneered the use of black squares in a symmetrical arrangement to
separate words in rows and columns. With the exception of the
numbering scheme, the form of Wynne's "Word-Cross"
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Dubliners:
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Today, December 21, 2025
December 21: National Short Story Day: --
Get lost in worlds within words - create characters, weave plots,
and inspire imaginations. Reading and writing is a passport to
adventure! Do you love literature? Do you feel you have an inner
creative streak you've never yet acted on? Do you have a brilliant
idea that you're afraid isn't long enough to make into an entire
book, but that you really just want to finally write down? If so,
National Short Story Day could be your chance to discover a new
passion and create something you can be proud of. You don't have
to have written anything before to start writing now. After all,
everyone has to start somewhere. All you need to become a writer
is a pen and paper, or a computer, or a typewriter - the rest is
entirely up to you. So if you have a story in you that's waiting
to be told, celebrate National Short Story Day today! National
Short Story Day takes place on the shortest day of the year_ Very
clever, right? Take some time out from all of the chaos that goes
on pre-Christmas and enjoy a moment of literary calm. Not only
does this day give you the ability to read interesting short
stories, but it is also an invitation to write your own. It does
not matter whether you want to keep it to yourself or you intend
to publish it to the world, grab your pen and start writing!
Writing a short story can be a fun and even therapeutic way to
spend your time. Plus, you never know; you may uncover a skill
that you never realized you had. Every year on National Short
Story Day, a compelling theme is provided. Start by taking a look
at the theme, as it can lead you in the direction of the sort of
books you should read and write on this date. Of course, we won't
tell anyone if you decide to go against the them! After all, you
may simply detest the genre of book suggested! Nevertheless, it is
a fun way to read something that you would probably never
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
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Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1620: The Colonial History
Of The United States: The British Colonization Of The Americas:
The Plymouth Colony: The Pilgrims' Voyage On The Mayflower: The
Mayflower Compact (The Agreement Between The Settlers Of New
Plymouth): -- William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims land on
what is now known as Plymouth Rock in Plymouth, Massachusetts to
found the Plymouth Colony, an English colonial venture in America
from 1620 to 1691 at a location that had previously been surveyed
and named by Captain John Smith. The settlement developed into the
town of Plymouth, Massachusetts. At its height, Plymouth Colony
occupied most of the southeastern portion of Massachusetts. The
Pilgrims did not refer to Plymouth Rock in any of their writings;
the first known written reference to the rock dates to 1715 when
it was described in the town boundary records as "a great
rock." The first documented claim that Plymouth Rock was the
landing place of the Pilgrims was made by Elder Thomas Faunce in
1741, 121 years after the Pilgrims arrived in Plymouth. From that
time to the present, Plymouth Rock has occupied a prominent spot
in American tradition and has been interpreted by later
generations as a symbol of both the virtues and the flaws of the
first English people who colonized New England. In 1774, the rock
broke in half during an attempt to haul it to Town Square in
Plymouth. The top portion (the fragment now visible) sat in Town
Square, was moved to Pilgrim Hall Museum in 1834, and was returned
to its original site on the shore of Plymouth Harbor in 1880.
Today it is ensconced beneath a granite canopy designed by McKim,
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EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Waterloo
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Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1742: #BOTD: #HBD! Gebhard
Leberecht Von Blucher, Prussian German Generalfeldmarschall (Field
Marshal), who earned his greatest recognition after leading his
army against Napoleon I at the Battle of the Nations at Leipzig in
1813 and The Battle Of Waterloo in 1815 (d. September 12, 1819) is
#born in Rostock, a Baltic port in northern Germany, then in the
Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Gebhard Leberecht Von Blucher,
Furst Von Wahlstatt (Sovereign Prince of Wahlstatt; first Graf
(Count) Wahlstatt, later elevated to Furst (Sovereign Prince), was
born in Rostock, the son of a retired army captain. His military
career began in 1758 as a hussar (light cavalry) in the Swedish
Army. He was captured by the Prussians in 1760 during the
Pomeranian Campaign and thereafter joined the Prussian Army,
serving as a hussar officer for Prussia during the remainder of
the Seven Years' War. In 1773, Blucher was forced to resign by
Frederick the Great for insubordination. He worked as a farmer
until the death of Frederick in 1786, when Blucher was reinstated
and promoted to colonel. For his success in the French
Revolutionary Wars, Blucher became a major general in 1794. He
became a lieutenant general in 1801 and commanded the cavalry
corps during the Napoleonic Wars in 1806. War broke out between
Prussia and France again in 1813 and Blucher returned to active
service at the age of 71. He was appointed full general over the
Prussian field forces and clashed with Napoleon at the Battles of
Lutzen and Bautzen. Later he won a critical victory over the
French at the Battle of Katzbach. Blucher commanded the Prussian
Army of Silesia at the Battle of the Nations where Napoleon was
decisively defeated. For his role, Blucher was made a field
marshal and received his title of Prince of Wahlstatt. After
Napoleon's return in 1815, Blucher took command of the Prussian
Army of the Lower Rhine and coordinated his force with that of the
British and Allied forces under the Duke of Wellington. At the
Battle of Ligny, he was severely injured and the Prussians
retreated. After recovering, Blucher resumed command and joined
Wellington at The Battle Of Waterloo, with the intervention of
Blucher's army playing a decisive role in the final allied
victory. Blucher was made an honorary citizen of Berlin, Hamburg
and Rostock. Known for his fiery personality, he was nicknamed
Marschall Vorwarts ("Marshal Forward") by his soldiers
because of his aggressive approach in warfare. Along with Paul Von
Hindenburg, he was the most highly decorated Prussian-German
soldier in history: Blucher and Hindenburg are the only
Prussian-German military officers to have been awarded the Star of
the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross. A statue once stood in the
square that bore his name, Blucherplatz, in Breslau (today
Wroclaw). Gebhard Leberecht Von Blucher dief aged 76 at his
Silesian residence at Krieblowitz, Province of Silesia, Kingdom of
Prussia, German Confederation (modern Krobielowice, Lower Silesia
Voivodeship, Poland). After his death, an imposing mausoleum was
built for his remains. When Krieblowitz was conquered by the Red
Army in 1945, Soviet soldiers broke into the Blucher mausoleum and
scattered the remains. Soviet troops reportedly used his skull as
a football. After 1989, some of his remains were taken by a Polish
priest and interred in the catacomb of the church in Sosnica
(German: Schosnitz), three km from the now Polish Krobielowice.
Napoleon, who died less than two years after Von Blucher,
characterized Von Blucher as a very brave soldier with no talent
as a general, but he admired his attitude, which he described as a
bull that looks all around him with rolling eyes and, when he sees
danger, charges. Napoleon thought of him as stubborn and untiring,
knowing no fear. He called him an old rascal who would be always
get up on his feet again and be ready for the next battle as,
following a sound defeat, Blucher had, almost instantly, returned
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EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Disraeli:
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Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1804: #BOTD: #HBD! Benjamin
Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS, English
journalist, author and novelist, politician and statesman of the
Conservative Party who twice served as Prime Minister of the
United Kingdom (d. April 19, 1881) is #born at 6 King's Road,
Bedford Row, Bloomsbury, London, England. He played a central role
in the creation of the modern Conservative Party, defining its
policies and its broad outreach. Disraeli is remembered for his
influential voice in world affairs, his political battles with the
Liberal Party leader William Ewart Gladstone, and his one-nation
conservatism or "Tory democracy", a form of British
political conservatism advocating preservation of established inst
itutions and traditional principles that combined with political
democracy and a social and economic program designed to benefit
the common man. He made the Conservatives the party most
identified with the glory and power of the British Empire. He is
the only British prime minister to have been of Jewish birth. He
was also a dandy and a novelist, publishing works of fiction even
as Prime Minister. He was born in Bloomsbury, then a part of
Middlesex. His father left Judaism after a dispute at his
synagogue; young Benjamin became an Anglican at the age of 12.
After several unsuccessful attempts, Disraeli entered the House Of
Commons in 1837. In 1846 the Prime Minister at the time, Sir
Robert Peel, split the party over his proposal to repeal the Corn
Laws, which involved ending the tariff on imported grain. Disraeli
clashed with Peel in the House Of Commons. Disraeli became a major
figure in the party. When Lord Derby, the party leader, thrice
formed governments in the 1850s and 1860s, Disraeli served as
Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House Of Commons.
Upon Derby's retirement in 1868, Disraeli became Prime Minister
briefly before losing that year's general election. He returned to
the Opposition, before leading the party to winning a majority in
the 1874 general election. He maintained a close friendship with
Queen Victoria, who in 1876 appointed him Earl of Beaconsfield.
Disraeli's second term was dominated by the Eastern Question: the
slow decay of the Ottoman Empire and the desire of other European
powers, such as Russia, to gain at its expense. He was
instrumental in the expansion of the British empire into India and
the mideast. Disraeli arranged for the British to purchase a major
interest in the Suez Canal Company in Ottoman-controlled Egypt. In
1878, faced with Russian victories against the Ottomans, he worked
at the Congress of Berlin to obtain peace in the Balkans at terms
favourable to Britain and unfavourable to Russia, its longstanding
enemy. This diplomatic victory over Russia established Disraeli as
one of Europe's leading statesmen. World events thereafter moved
against the Conservatives. Controversial wars in Afghanistan and
South Africa undermined his public support. He angered British
farmers by refusing to reinstitute the Corn Laws in response to
poor harvests and cheap imported grain. With Gladstone conducting
a massive speaking campaign, his Liberals bested Disraeli's
Conservatives at the 1880 general election. In his final months,
Disraeli led the Conservatives in Opposition. He had throughout
his career written novels, beginning in 1826, and he pioneered the
concept of the political novel with works such as Vivian Grey,
Coningsby, and Lothair. He published his last completed novel,
Endymion, shortly before he died at the age of 76 of bronchitis at
his home at 19 Curzon Street, Mayfair, London, England in the
early morning hours of an Easter Monday. Disraeli's last confirmed
words "I had rather live but I am not afraid to die".
The anniversary of Disraeli's death was for some years
commemorated in the United Kingdom as Primrose Day. Despite having
been offered a state funeral by Queen Victoria, Disraeli's
executors decided against a public procession and funeral, fearing
that too large crowds would gather to do him honour. Queen
Victoria was prostrated with grief; protocol forbade her attending
Disraeli's funeral (this would not be changed until 1965, when
Elizabeth II attended the rites for the former Prime Minister Sir
Winston Churchill) but she sent primroses ("his favourite
flowers") to the funeral, and visited the burial vault to
place a wreath of china flowers four days later. Disraeli is
buried with his wife in a vault beneath the Church of St Michael
and All Angels which stands in the grounds of his home, Hughenden
Manor, accessed from the churchyard. Disraeli also has a memorial
in Westminster Abbey, erected by the nation on the motion of his
bitter political adversary William Ewart Gladstone during his
memorial speech on Disraeli in the House Of Commons. Gladstone had
absented himself from the funeral, with his plea of the press of
public business provoking public mockery. His speech was widely
anticipated, if only because his dislike for Disraeli was well
known, and caused the Prime Minister much worry. In the event, the
speech was a model of its kind, in which he avoided comment on
Disraeli's politics, while praising his personal qualities. On
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EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Heroes
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Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1861: Awards And
Decorations: Military Awards And Decorations: Awards And
Decorations Of The United States Armed Forces: Highest Military
Awards For Gallantry: Highest Military Awards For Gallantry Of The
United States Armed Forces: The American Civil War (The Civil War,
The War Between The States): The Medal Of Honor (MOH) (The
Congressional Medal Of Honor): -- During the early stages of The
American Civil Wear, Public Resolution 82, containing a provision
for a Navy Medal of Valor, is signed into law by President Abraham
Lincoln. The Medal Of Honor is the United States Armed Forces'
highest and most-prestigious military decoration that may be
awarded to recognize American soldiers, marines, sailors, airmen,
guardians, and coast guardsmen who have distinguished themselves
by acts of valor. The medal is normally awarded by the President
of the United States in the name of the United States Congress.
Because the medal is presented "in the name of Congress",
it is also known as the Congressional Medal Of Honor. During the
first year of the American Civil War, a proposal for a battlefield
decoration for valor was submitted to Lieutenant General Winfield
Scott, the Commanding General of the United States Army, by
Lieutenant Colonel Edward D. Townsend, an assistant adjutant at
the Department of War and Scott's Chief Of Staff. Scott, however,
was strictly against medals being awarded, which was the European
tradition. After Scott retired in October 1861, Secretary of the
Navy Gideon Welles adopted the idea of a decoration to recognize
and honor distinguished naval service. On December 9, 1861, Iowa
Senator James W. Grimes, Chairman on the Committee on Naval
Affairs, submitted Bill S. 82 (12 Stat. 329-330) during the Second
Session of the 37th Congress, "An Act to further promote the
Efficiency of the Navy". The bill included a provision (Chap.
1, Sec. 7) for 200 "medals of honor", "to be
bestowed upon such petty officers, seamen, landsmen, and marines
as shall most distinguish themselves by their gallantry in action
and other seaman-like qualities during the present war, ..."
On December 21, the bill was passed and signed into law by
President Abraham Lincoln. Secretary Welles directed the
Philadelphia Mint to design the new military decoration. On May
15, 1862, the United States Department of the Navy ordered 175
medals from the U.S. Mint in Philadelphia with "Personal
Valor" inscribed on the back of each one. Today there are
three versions of the medal, one each for the Department of the
Army (awarded to United States Army soldiers), Department of the
Navy (awarded to United States Navy sailors, United States Marine
Corps marines) and Department of the Air Force (awarded to United
States Air Force airmen and United States Space Force guardians).
Despite not normally being a part of the Department of the Navy,
the United States Coast Guard is one of the sea services and
awards the Department of the Navy's version of the medal to coast
guardsmen. The Medal Of Honor was introduced for the Department of
the Navy in 1861, soon followed by the Department of the Army's
version in 1862. The Department of the Air Force used the
Department of the Army's version until they received their own
distinctive version in 1965. The Medal Of Honor is the oldest
continuously issued combat decoration of the United States Armed
Forces. The president typically presents the Medal Of Honor at a
formal ceremony intended to represent the gratitude of the
American people, with posthumous presentations made to the primary
next of kin. According to the Medal Of Honor Historical Society of
the United States, there have been 3,526 Medals of Honor awarded
to 3,507 individuals since the decoration's creation, with over
40% awarded for actions during the American Civil War. In 1990,
Congress designated March 25 annually as "National Medal Of
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Divided Union: American Civil War TV Series MP4 Download DVD Set
Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1864: The American Civil War
(The Civil War, The War Between The States): The Eastern Theater
Of The American Civil War: The Atlanta Campaign: The Fall Of
Atlanta: Sherman's March To The Sea (The Savannah Campaign,
Sherman's March): -- Major General William Tecumseh Sherman's
March To The Sea ends with the capture of the port of Savannah,
Georgia. The following day, December 22, 1864, Sherman telegraphed
to President Abraham Lincoln "I beg to present you as a
Christmas gift the city of Savannah" following the prior
morning's surrender of the city of Savannah, Georgia to Sherman
and his Army Of The Tennessee. Sherman's March To The Sea (also
known as the Savannah Campaign or simply Sherman's March) was a
military campaign conducted through Georgia from November 15 till
December 21, 1864, by Sherman and his Union armies of The Army Of
The Tennessee and the Army Of Georgia. The campaign began with
Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta on November
15, and ended with the capture of the port of Savannah on December
21. His forces followed a "scorched earth" policy,
destroying military targets as well as industry, infrastructure,
and civilian property, disrupting the Confederacy's economy and
transportation networks. The operation debilitated the Confederacy
and helped lead to its eventual surrender. Sherman's decision to
operate deep within enemy territory without supply lines was
unusual for its time, and the campaign is regarded by some
historians as an early example of modern warfare or total war. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Unknown War: The Great Patriotic War Series WWII USSR DVD MP4 USB
Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1896: #BOTD: #HBD!
Konstantin Rokossovsky, Marshal of the Soviet Union during World
War II, Soviet officer of Polish origin who became Marshal of
Poland and served as Poland's Defence Minister from 1949 until his
removal in 1956 during the Polish October (d. August 3, 1968) is
#born Konstantin Konstantinovich (Xaverevich) Rokossovsky in
Warsaw, then part of Congress Poland under Russian rule.
Rokossovsky served in the Imperial Russian Army during World War
I. In 1917 he joined the Red Guards and in 1918 the newly-formed
Red Army; he fought with great distinction during the Russian
Civil War of 1917-1922. Rokossovsky held senior commands until
1937 when he fell victim to Joseph Stalin's Great Purge, during
which he was branded a traitor, imprisoned and probably tortured.
After Soviet failures in the Winter War of 1939-1940, Rokossovsky
was reinstated due to an urgent need for experienced officers.
Following Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941,
Rokossovsky played key roles in the defense of Moscow (1941-1942)
and the counter-offensives at Stalingrad (1942-1943) and Kursk
(1943). He was instrumental in planning and executing part of
Operation Bagration (1944), fought between June 22 and August 19,
1944, a major victory which destroyed the German Army Group Centre
and completely ruptured the German front line, one of the most
decisive Red Army successes of the Second World War, for which
Rokossovsky was made a Marshal of the Soviet Union. After the war,
Rokossovsky became Defence Minister and deputy chairman of the
Council of Ministers in the newly-established Polish People's
Republic. Forced out of office in Poland in 1956 after Wladyslaw
Gomulka became the leader of Poland, Rokossovsky then returned to
the Soviet Union, where he lived out the rest of his life until
his death in 1968. Konstantin Rokossovsky died of prostate cancer
in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, aged 71. His ashes are
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Paul
Winchell And Jerry Mahoney TV Shows DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1922: #BOTD: #HBD! Paul
Winchell, American ventriloquist, comedian, actor, voice artist,
humanitarian, and inventor (d. June 24, 2005) is #born Paul
Wilchinsky into a Jewish family. his career flourished throughout
the 1950s and 1960s. From 1950 to 1954, he hosted The Paul
Winchell Show, which also used two other titles during its prime
time run on NBC, The Speidel Show, and What's My Name?. From
1965-1968, Winchell hosted the children's television series,
Winchell-Mahoney Time. Winchell made guest appearances on Emmy
Award-winning television series from the late 1950s to the mid
1970s, such as Perry Mason, The Dick Van Dyke Show, McMillan and
Wife, The Donna Reed Show, and two appearances as Homer Winch on
The Beverly Hillbillies in 1962. In animation, he was the original
voice of Winnie The Pooh's Tigger; Dick Dastardly on Wacky Races
and Dastardly and Muttley in their Flying Machines; The Smurf's
Gargamel; Clyde and Softy on Wacky Races and The Perils of
Penelope Pitstop; Fleegle on The Banana Splits; and other
characters. Winchell, who had medical training, was also an
inventor, becoming the first person to build and patent a
mechanical artificial heart, implantable in the chest cavity (US
Patent #3097366). He has been honored with a star on the Hollywood
Walk of Fame for his work in television. Paul Winchell died in his
sleep of natural causes at his home in Moorpark, California at the
age of 82, after years of recurring mental problems that came from
his youth. He wrote a long and detailed autobiography called
Winch, The Autobiography - published in April 2004 - which
revealed the bad treatment he had from his mother for a
considerable period, and the mental impact that continued to
negatively affect him for decades after his mother's death (Clara
Wilchinski died in 1953 when she was only 58 years old, and Paul
was 30). Winchell was survived by his wife, his children, and
three grandchildren. His remains were cremated, and his ashes
scattered over his home property. Winchell was estranged from his
children, and they were not immediately informed of his death.
Upon learning of it, April posted an entry on her website: "I
got a phone call a few minutes ago, telling me that my father
passed away yesterday. A source close to my dad, or at least,
closer than I was, decided to tell me himself, instead of letting
me find out on the news, which I appreciate. Apparently a decision
had been made not to tell me, or my father's other children. My
father was a very troubled and unhappy man. If there is another
place after this one, it is my hope that he now has the peace that
eluded him on earth." On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Human
Animal: War & Violence With Phil Donahue MP4 Download Or DVD
Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1935: #BOTD: #HBD! Phil
Donahue, American media personality, writer, film producer, and
the creator and host of The Phil Donahue Show, husband of American
actress, producer, author, and social activist Marlo Thomas (d.
August 18, 2024) is #born Phillip John Donahue in Cleveland, Ohio
into a middle-class Irish Catholic family. His Phil Donahue Show
television program, later known simply as Donahue, was the first
popular talk show to feature a format that included audience
participation. The show had a 29-year run on national television
that began in Dayton, Ohio, in 1967 and ended in New York City in
1996. Donahue's shows often focused on issues that divide liberals
and conservatives in the United States, such as abortion, consumer
protection, civil rights, and war issues. His most frequent guest
was Ralph Nader, for whom Donahue campaigned in 2000. Donahue also
briefly hosted a talk show on MSNBC from July 2002 to February
2003. Donahue was one of the most influential talk show hosts and
was often referred to as the "king of daytime talk".
Oprah Winfrey has said, "If it weren't for Phil Donahue,
there would never have been an Oprah Show." In 1996, Donahue
was ranked No. 42 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time.
Phil Donahue died at his home on the Upper East Side of Manhattan
in New York City at the age of 88. Donahue's death was confirmed
by a family spokesperson, Susie Arons, who said Donahue died
"peacefully following a long illness," surrounded by
family members and "his beloved Golden retriever, Charlie."
His remains were cremated, and the ashes given to his widow Marlo
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: War Props:
The Junkers Ju 88 Multirole Aircraft DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1936: Aviation: The History
Of Aviation: The History Of Military Aviation: Maiden Flights:
Military Aviation Maiden Flights: -- The First flight of the
Junkers Ju 88 Schnellbomber, the multirole German combat aircraft
that became the one of the most versatile aircraft of World War
II, is made by the prototype Ju 88 V1, which bore the civil
registration D-AQEN. The Junkers Ju 88 was a Luftwaffe
twin-engined aircraft designed by the Junkers Aircraft and Motor
Works (JFM) as a schnellbomber, a so-called fast bomber that would
be too fast for fighters of its era to intercept. It suffered from
technical problems during its development and early operational
periods, but it ultimately became one of the Luftwaffe's most
important aircraft. Like a number of other Luftwaffe bombers, it
served as a bomber, dive bomber, night fighter, torpedo bomber,
reconnaissance aircraft, heavy fighter and at the end of the war,
as a flying bomb. The assembly line ran constantly from 1936 to
1945 and more than 15,000 Ju 88s were built in dozens of variants,
more than any other twin-engine German aircraft of the period.
Throughout production the basic structure of the aircraft remained
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Clive
James' Fame In The 20th Century TV Series DVD Set MP4 USB Drive
Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1937: #BOTD: #HBD! Jane
Fonda, American actress, writer, political activist, former
fashion model, fitness guru and beauty, is #born Jane Seymour
Fonda in New York City. She is a two-time Academy Award winner and
two-time BAFTA Award winner. In 2014, she was the recipient of the
American Film Institute AFI Life Achievement Award. Her other
major competitive awards include an Emmy Award for the 1984 TV
film The Dollmaker, two BAFTA Awards for Julia and The China
Syndrome and four Golden Globe Awards. Her first husband was
Barbarella director Roger Vadim, who directed her in Barbarella
(1968). In 1982, she released her first exercise video, Jane
Fonda's Workout, which became the highest-selling video of the
time. It would be the first of 22 workout videos released by her
over the next 13 years which would collectively sell over 17
million copies. Divorced from second husband Tom Hayden, she
married billionaire media mogul Ted Turner in 1991 and retired
from acting. Fonda was divorced from Turner in 2001. She returned
to acting with her first film in 15 years, the 2005 comedy Monster
in Law. In 2009, she returned to Broadway after a 45-year absence,
in the play 33 Variations, which earned her a Tony Award
nomination, while her recurring role in the HBO drama series The
Newsroom (2012-2014), has earned her two Emmy Award nominations.
She also released another five exercise videos between 2010 and
2012. She stars with Lily Tomlin, Sam Waterston and Martin Sheen
in the Netflix original series Grace and Frankie, which premiered
in 2015. Fonda was a visible political activist in the
counterculture era during the Vietnam War and later became
involved in advocacy for women. On a 1972 visit to Hanoi, she
infuriatingly said as she sat in the seat of an anti-aircraft gun
that had been used to shoot down an American B-52 bomber and sid
"I want to shoot down an empire", referring to the
United States, as part of a North Vietnamese propaganda media
event, an event that profoundly upset many American veterans,
including those opposed to the war. She has also protested the
Iraq War and violence against women, and describes herself as a
feminist. In 2005, she, Robin Morgan and Gloria Steinem co-founded
the Women's Media Center, an organization that works to amplify
the voices of women in the media through advocacy, media and
leadership training, and the creation of original content. Fonda
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Frank
Zappa Documentaries MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1940: #BOTD: #HBD! Frank
Zappa, American singer, songwriter, composer, guitarist, record
producer, filmmaker and activist (d. December 4, 1993) is #born
Frank Vincent Zappa in Baltimore, Maryland. His work was
characterized by nonconformity, free-form improvisation, sound
experiments, musical virtuosity, and satire of American culture.
In a career spanning more than 30 years, Zappa composed rock, pop,
jazz, jazz fusion, orchestral and musique concrete works, and
produced almost all of the 60-plus albums that he released with
his band the Mothers of Invention and as a solo artist. Zappa also
directed feature-length films and music videos, and designed album
covers. He is considered one of the most innovative and
stylistically diverse rock musicians of his era. As a self-taught
composer and performer, Zappa had diverse musical influences that
led him to create music that was sometimes difficult to
categorize. While in his teens, he acquired a taste for
20th-century classical modernism, African American rhythm and
blues, and doo-wop music. He began writing classical music in high
school, while at the same time playing drums in rhythm-and-blues
bands, later switching to electric guitar. His 1966 debut album
with the Mothers of Invention, Freak Out!, combined songs in
conventional rock and roll format with collective improvisations
and studio-generated sound collages. He continued this eclectic
and experimental approach whether the fundamental format was rock,
jazz, or classical. Zappa's output is unified by a conceptual
continuity he termed "Project/Object", with numerous
musical phrases, ideas, and characters reappearing across his
albums. His lyrics reflected his iconoclastic views of established
social and political processes, structures and movements, often
humorously so, and he has been described as the "godfather"
of comedy rock. He was a strident critic of mainstream education
and organized religion, and a forthright and passionate advocate
for freedom of speech, self-education, political participation and
the abolition of censorship. Unlike many other rock musicians of
his generation, he disapproved of recreational drug use, but
supported decriminalization and regulation. Zappa was a highly
productive and prolific artist with a controversial critical
standing; supporters of his music admired its compositional
complexity, while critics found it lacking emotional depth. He had
greater commercial success outside the US, particularly in Europe.
Though he worked as an independent artist, Zappa mostly relied on
distribution agreements he had negotiated with the major record
labels. He remains a major influence on musicians and composers.
His many honors include his 1995 induction into The Rock And Roll
Hall Of Fame and the 1997 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Frank
Zappa died from prostate cancer 17 days before his 53rd birthday
at his home with his wife and children by his side. At a private
ceremony the following day, his body was buried in a grave at the
Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery, in Los Angeles. The grave
is unmarked. Two days after his death, his family publicly
announced that "Composer Frank Zappa left for his final tour
just before 6:00 pm on Saturday". On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: To The
Moon: The Story In Sound Set CD, MP3 Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1968: Rocket Launches: The
History Of Rocketry: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of
World War II: The Cold War: The Space Age: The Space Race: Space
Programs Of The United States: Human Spaceflight Programs: The
Discovery And Exploration Of The Solar System: Missions To The
Moon: Project Apollo: Apollo 8: -- The first crewed launch of the
Saturn V super heavy-lift launch vehicle rocket, the first crewed
spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit, the first visit to another
celestial body by humans, and the first human spaceflight to reach
the Moon is launched when Apollo 8 lifts off on a lunar trajectory
at 12:51:00 UTC from the Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A
(LC-39A) with the three-astronaut crew of Commander Frank Borman,
Command Module Pilot James Lovell, and Lunar Module Pilot William
Anders; they also became the first humans to see Earth as a whole
planet; enter the gravity well of another celestial body (Earth's
moon); orbit another celestial body (Earth's moon); directly see
the far side of the Moon with their own eyes; witness an
Earthrise; escape the gravity of another celestial body (Earth's
moon); and re-enter the gravitational well of Earth. The 1968
mission, the third flight of the Saturn V rocket and that rocket's
first crewed launch, was also the first human spaceflight launch
from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, located adjacent to Cape
Canaveral Air Force Station. Originally planned as a second Lunar
Module/Command Module test in an elliptical medium Earth orbit in
early 1969, the mission profile was changed in August 1968 to a
more ambitious Command Module-only lunar orbital flight to be
flown in December, because the Lunar Module was not yet ready to
make its first flight. This meant Borman's crew was scheduled to
fly two to three months sooner than originally planned, leaving
them a shorter time for training and preparation, thus placing
more demands than usual on their time and discipline. Apollo 8
took three days to travel to the Moon. It orbited ten times over
the course of 20 hours, during which the crew made a Christmas Eve
television broadcast where they read the first 10 verses from the
Book of Genesis. At the time, the broadcast was the most watched
TV program ever. Apollo 8's successful mission paved the way for
Apollo 11 to fulfill U.S. President John F. Kennedy's goal of
landing a man on the Moon before the end of the 1960s. The Apollo
8 astronauts returned to Earth on December 27, 1968, when their
spacecraft splashed down in the Northern Pacific Ocean. The crew
was named Time magazine's "Men of the Year" for 1968
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Sword
Of Islam: The Islamic Revolution DVD MP4 USB Flash Drive
Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1988: Aviation Incidents And
Accidents: Terrorism: State Sponsored Terrorism: Libya And
State-Sponsored Terrorism: Terrorism In The United Kingdom: Pan Am
Flight 103 (The Lockerbie Bombing): -- The deadliest terrorist
attack in the history of the United Kingdom, as well as its
deadliest aviation disaster, occurs when a bomb explodes shortly
after 19:00 on board Pan Am Flight 103, a regularly scheduled
transatlantic flight from Frankfurt to Detroit with stopovers in
London and New York City, over Lockerbie, Dumfries and Galloway,
Scotland, killing all 243 passengers, 16 crew and 11 residents.
Large sections of the aircraft, Clipper Maid of the Seas, a Boeing
747-121 registered N739PA, crashed in a residential street in
Lockerbie. Following a three-year joint investigation by Dumfries
and Galloway Constabulary and the US Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI), arrest warrants were issued for two Libyan
nationals in November 1991. In 1999, Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi
handed over the two men for trial at Camp Zeist, the Netherlands,
after protracted negotiations and UN sanctions. In 2001,
Abdelbaset al-Megrahi, a Libyan intelligence officer, was jailed
for life after being found guilty of 270 counts of murder in
connection with the bombing. In August 2009, he was released by
the Scottish government on compassionate grounds after being
diagnosed with prostate cancer. He died in May 2012 as the only
person to be convicted for the attack. In 2003, Gaddafi accepted
Libya's responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing and paid
compensation to the families of the victims, although he
maintained that he had never given the order for the attack.
Acceptance of responsibility was part of a series of requirements
laid out by a UN resolution for sanctions against Libya to be
lifted. Libya said it had to accept responsibility due to
Megrahi's status as a government employee. During the First Libyan
Civil War in 2011, former Minister of Justice Mustafa Abdul Jalil
claimed that the Libyan leader had personally ordered the bombing,
though this was later denied, while investigators have long
believed that Megrahi did not act alone, and have been reported as
questioning retired Stasi agents about a possible role in the
attack. Some relatives of the dead, including Lockerbie campaigner
Jim Swire, believe the bomb was planted at Heathrow Airport, and
not sent via feeder flights from Malta, as per the US and UK
governments. A sleeper cell belonging to the Popular Front for the
Liberation of Palestine (General Command) had been operating in
West Germany in the months before the Pan Am bombing. In 2020, US
authorities indicted the Tunisia resident and Libyan national Abu
Agila Mohammad Mas'ud Kheir Al-Marimi for participating in the
bombing, who was 37 years old at the time of the bombing, and in
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Props And
Jets: Giants: History's Largest Aircraft MP4 Download Or DVD
Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1988: Aviation: The History
Of Aviation: The History Of Military Aviation: Maiden Flights:
Military Aviation Maiden Flights: -- The first flight of Antonov
An-225 Mriya, the largest aircraft in the world. The Antonov
An-225 Mriya (Ukrainian: lit. "Dream" or "Inspiration";
NATO reporting name: Cossack) is a strategic airlift cargo
aircraft that was designed by the Antonov Design Bureau in the
Ukrainian SSR within the Soviet Union during the 1980s. It is
powered by six turbofan engines and is the heaviest aircraft ever
built, with a maximum takeoff weight of 640 tonnes (710 short
tons; 630 long tons). It also has the largest wingspan of any
aircraft in operational service. The single example built has the
Ukrainian civil registration UR-82060. A second airframe with a
slightly different configuration was partially built. Its
construction was halted in 1994 because of lack of funding and
interest, but revived briefly in 2009, bringing it to 60-70%
completion. On August 30, 2016, Antonov agreed to complete the
second airframe for Airspace Industry Corporation of China (not to
be confused with the Aviation Industry Corporation of China) as a
prelude to commencing series production. The Antonov An-225 was
initially developed as an enlargement of the Antonov An-124 to
transport Buran-class orbiters. The only An-225 airplane was
completed in 1988. After successfully fulfilling its Soviet
military missions, it was mothballed for eight years. It was then
refurbished and reintroduced, and is in commercial operation with
Antonov Airlines, carrying oversized payloads. The airlifter holds
the absolute world record for an airlifted single-item payload of
189,980 kg (418,830 lb), and an airlifted total payload of 253,820
kg (559,580 lb). It has also transported a payload of 247,000 kg
(545,000 lb) on a commercial flight. With a maximum takeoff weight
of 640 tonnes (705 short tons), the An-225 held several records,
including heaviest aircraft ever built and largest wingspan of any
aircraft in operational service. It was commonly used to transport
objects once thought impossible to move by air, such as 130-ton
generators, wind turbine blades, and diesel locomotives.
Additionally, both Chinese and Russian officials had announced
separate plans to adapt the An-225 for use in their respective
space programmes. The Mriya routinely attracted a high degree of
public interest, attaining a global following due to its size and
its uniqueness. The only completed An-225 was destroyed in the
Battle Of Antonov Airport on February 24, 2022 during the 2022
Russian Invasion Of Ukraine. On May 20, 2022, Ukrainian president
Volodymyr Zelensky announced plans to complete the second An-225
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Eyes On
The Prize II: America At The Racial Crossroads DVD MP4 USB
Today, December 21, 2025
( #JCKaelin here: The next time you see
or hear anyone find erroneous cause to decry the descriptor
"African American", tell them this, so that they know
it's a sign of respect for the diversity of the black American
community, devised by the best and brightest of the (same) African
American community :) ). ========= December 21, 1988: December 21,
1988: African American History (Afro-American History, Black
American History): African American Ethnicity -- The term "African
American" is coined when Jesse Jackson, along with a group of
prominent blacks at a Monday Chicago press conference, including
representatives of the National Black Republicans Council, the
National Black County Officials and the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), urges the use of the
term "African American" as an alternative to the term
"Black Americans", declaring that members of their race
prefer to be called African-Americans. ''Just as we were called
colored, but were not that, and then Negro, but not that, to be
called black is just as baseless,'' Mr. Jackson said after the
group met to discuss national goals. ''To be called
African-Americans has cultural integrity,'' he said. ''It puts us
in our proper historical context. Every ethnic group in this
country has a reference to some land base, some historical
cultural base. African-Americans have hit that level of cultural
maturity.'' Mr. Jackson was joined by Richard Hatcher, the former
Mayor of Gary, Ind., Ramona Edelin, the National Urban Coalition's
president, Gloria Toote, a former Assistant Secretary of Housing
and Urban Development, and others. ''There are Armenian-Americans
and Jewish-Americans and Arab-Americans and Italian-Americans,''
Mr. Jackson said. ''And with a degree of accepted and reasonable
pride, they connect their heritage to their mother country and
where they are now.'' Many of those who attended said using the
term African-Americans would be a psychological lift. The Rev.
Willie Barrow, president of Operation PUSH, the economic self-help
group started by Mr. Jackson, said she would start using the term
immediately. ''I'm African-American just like the Polish are
Polish-American and Italians are Italian-American,'' she said.
''It's something we've all agreed upon and it's just great.'' Cook
County Commissioner John Stroger said he was already using the
term. ''It's appropriate in the light of our origin,'' he said.
But some said the change was superficial. ''We must have really
reached a zenith in the civil rights struggle that we have to now
busy ourselves with semantics,'' said the Rev. B. Herbert Martin,
head of Chicago's Human Relations. But Mr. Martin added, ''I think
the title or name African-American points us to a higher
consciousness in terms of the origin of African people.'' On Sale
@ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Rise
And Fall Of Ceausescu Documentary DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, December 21, 2025
December 21, 1989: The Aftermath Of World
War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1985-1991) (The End Of The
Cold War): The Dissolution Of The Soviet Union: The Revolutions Of
1989 (The Fall Of Nations, The Autumn Of Nations, The Fall Of
Communism): The Eastern Bloc (The Communist Bloc, The Socialist
Bloc, The Soviet Bloc): The Romanian Revolution (The Christmas
Revolution): Ceausescu's Final Speech: -- Romanian President
Nicolae Ceausescu delivers his last public speech, held in what is
now Revolution Square, as the President of Romania at a staged
morning mass meeting of approximately 100,000 people to condemn
the Timisoara revolt. Official media presented the meeting as a
"spontaneous movement of support for Ceausescu",
emulating the 1968 meeting in which he had spoken against the
invasion of Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact forces. Ceausescu's
disastrous speech began like many of his other speeches over the
years. He spoke of the achievements of the "Socialist
revolution" and Romania's "multi-laterally developed
Socialist society." He also blamed the Timisoara riots on
"fascist agitators who want to destroy socialism."
However, Ceausescu had misjudged the crowd's mood. Roughly eight
minutes into his speech, several people began jeering and booing,
and others began chanting "Timisoara!" He tried to
silence them by raising his right hand and calling for the crowd's
attention before order was temporarily restored, then proceeded to
announce social benefit reforms that included raising the national
minimum wage by 200 lei per month to a total of 2,200 per month by
January 1. Images of Ceausescu's facial expression as the crowd
began to boo and heckle him were among the most widely broadcast
of the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe. Failing to control
the crowd, the Ceausescus finally took cover inside the building
that housed the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party.
The rest of the day saw an open revolt of Bucharest's population,
which had assembled in University Square and confronted the police
and army at barricades. The rioters, however, were no match for
the military apparatus concentrated in Bucharest, which cleared
the streets by midnight and arrested hundreds of people in the
process. Despite this military repression, Ceausescu and his
regime would be overthrown the following day, ultimately
culminating in the drumhead trial and execution him and his wife
Elena, ending 42 years of Communist rule in Romania. The Romanian
Revolution (Romanian: Revolutia Romana), also known as The
Christmas Revolution (Romanian: Revolutia de Craciun)), was part
of the Revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries
around the world. It was the last removal of a Marxist-Leninist
government in a Warsaw Pact country during the events of 1989, and
the only one that violently overthrew a country's leadership and
executed its leader. According to estimates, over one thousand
people died and thousands more were injured. On Sale @ 15% Off
Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Remember When: Page One Print Journalism w/ Dick Cavett DVD, MP4,
USB
Today, December 21, 2025
December 21: Phileas Fogg Win A Wager
Day: -- Although a fictional holiday, today commemorates a piece
of fiction that is loved all around the world. If you haven't
guessed it yet, let us tell you. We're talking about the classic
novel titled "Around the World in Eighty Days" by Jules
Verne, a French novelist whom most literature aficionados are
familiar with. Also known as Phileas Fogg Wager Day, December 21
is the day by which the novel's main character, Phileas Fogg, must
accomplish his challenge to win a wager of 20,000PS. Set and
published in 1872, Jules Verne's adventure novel is certainly a
classic, and with good reason. Since it was written during the
Franco-Prussian War in 1870 and 1871, it was a difficult time for
Verne and his country. It was already a financially dire period
for him, and he was called upon as coastguard during the war. Two
events had greatly affected him during this time - one was his
father's death, and the other was a public execution that greatly
disturbed him. Just before this time, by 1870, there were three
major breakthroughs that made a tourist-like around-the-world
journey possible for the first time. This development in
circumnavigation fascinated Verne, whose character was inspired by
the real around-the-world journey of the adventurous American
writer William Perry Fogg. Before we knew it, the novel was
serially published starting on December 21, 1872, while it was
published in book form on January 30, 1973. It is no wonder that
December 21 was chosen as the significant wager day in the book.
Or was it? Because of this coincidence of dates, people believed
the journey was actually taking place in real time! In the novel,
when Phileas Fogg argues about the possibility of traveling around
the globe in 80 days, he is challenged by his fellow club members
to prove it. The argument stems from an article in "The Daily
Telegraph" which mentions the opening of a new railway
section in India, with which it would then be theoretically
possible to travel around the world in just 80 days. Later that
evening, on October 2, 1872, without wasting any time, Fogg
departs London with his valet. To win the wager - and 20,000PS -
he must arrive back at the club on December 21, 1872, at the same
time. Spoiler alert - he wins, and 140 years later, we still
celebrate his victory! On November 14, 1889, Nellie Bly, (pen name
of Elizabeth Cochran), American investigative journalist,
industrialist, inventor, and charity worker, pioneer in the field
of journalism generally and of a new kind of investigative
journalism particularly, set out from Hoboken, New Jersey to beat
the record of Jules Verne's imaginary hero Phileas Fogg; she beat
Fogg's 80 days when she returned on January 25th in a time of 72
days, 6 hours and 11 minutes to Jersey City near Exchange Place at
3:51PM, setting a new world record, to a tumultuous welcome at
Exchange Place train station!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
American Revolutionary War Documentaries DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, December 21, 2025December 21, 1734: #BOTD: #HBD! Paul
Revere, American silversmith, engraver, early industrialist, and
Patriot in the American Revolution, best known for his midnight
ride to alert the colonial militia in April 1775 to the approach
of British forces before the battles of Lexington and Concord, as
dramatized in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem, "Paul
Revere's Ride" (1861) (d. May 10, 1818) is #born in the North
End of Boston, Massachusetts. At age 41, Revere was a prosperous,
established and prominent Boston silversmith. He had helped
organize an intelligence and alarm system to keep watch on the
British military. In the days before April 18, Revere had
instructed Robert Newman, the sexton of the North Church, to send
a signal by lantern to alert colonists in Charlestown as to the
movements of the troops when the information became known. In what
is well known today by the phrase "one if by land, two if by
sea", one lantern in the steeple would signal the army's
choice of the land route while two lanterns would signal the route
"by water" across the Charles River (the movements would
ultimately take the water route, and therefore two lanterns were
placed in the steeple) Revere later served as a Massachusetts
militia officer, though his service ended after the Penobscot
Expedition, one of the most disastrous campaigns of the American
Revolutionary War, for which he was absolved of blame. Following
the war, Revere returned to his silversmith trade. He used the
profits from his expanding business to finance his work in iron
casting, bronze bell and cannon casting, and the forging of copper
bolts and spikes. In 1800 he became the first American to
successfully roll copper into sheets for use as sheathing on naval
vessels. Paul Revere died at the age of 83 at his home on Charter
Street in Boston. He is buried in the Granary Burying Ground on
Tremont Street.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: George
S. Patton Documentaries DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, December 21, 2025December 21, 1945: #DOTD: #RIP: General
George S. Patton, Four-Star General of the United States Army,
commander of the U.S. Seventh Army in the Mediterranean and
European theaters of World War II, best known as the commander of
the U.S. Third Army in France and Germany following the Allied
invasion of Normandy (b. November 11, 1885) #dies in Germany
following a car accident. He had been injured on December 9 near
Mannheim and was taken to a hospital in Heidelberg, where he died.
He is buried in The Luxembourg American Cemetery And Memorial, a
Second World War American military war grave cemetery located in
Hamm, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg. George S. Patton was born
George Smith Patton Jr. in San Gabriel, California to a family
with an extensive military background (with members having served
in both the United States Army and Confederate States Army),
Patton attended the Virginia Military Institute and the U.S.
Military Academy at West Point. He studied fencing and designed
the M1913 Cavalry Saber, more commonly known as the "Patton
Sword", and partially due to his skill in the sport, he
competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. Patton
first saw combat during the Pancho Villa Expedition in 1916,
taking part in America's first military action using motor
vehicles. He later joined the newly formed United States Tank
Corps of the American Expeditionary Forces and saw action in World
War I, commanding the U.S. tank school in France before being
wounded while leading tanks into combat near the end of the war.
In the interwar period, Patton remained a central figure in the
development of armored warfare doctrine in the U.S. Army, serving
in numerous staff positions throughout the country. Rising through
the ranks, he commanded the 2nd Armored Division at the time of
the American entry into World War II. Patton led U.S. troops into
the Mediterranean theater with an invasion of Casablanca during
Operation Torch in 1942, where he later established himself as an
effective commander through his rapid rehabilitation of the
demoralized U.S. II Corps. He commanded the U.S. Seventh Army
during the Allied invasion of Sicily, where he was the first
Allied commander to reach Messina. There he was embroiled in
controversy after he slapped two shell-shocked soldiers under his
command, and was temporarily removed from battlefield command for
other duties such as participating in Operation Fortitude's
disinformation campaign for Operation Overlord. Patton returned to
command the Third Army following the invasion of Normandy in June
1944, where he led a highly successful rapid armored drive across
France. He led the relief of beleaguered American troops at
Bastogne during the Battle Of The Bulge, and advanced his Third
Army into Nazi Germany by the end of the war. After the war,
Patton became the military governor of Bavaria, but he was
relieved of this post because of his statements trivializing
denazification. He commanded the United States Fifteenth Army for
slightly more than two months. Patton died in Germany on December
21, 1945, as a result of injuries from an automobile accident
twelve days earlier. Patton's colorful image, hard-driving
personality and success as a commander were at times overshadowed
by his controversial public statements. His philosophy of leading
from the front and his ability to inspire troops with
vulgarity-ridden speeches, such as a famous address to the Third
Army, attracted favorable attention. His strong emphasis on rapid
and aggressive offensive action proved effective. While Allied
leaders held sharply differing opinions on Patton, he was regarded
highly by his opponents in the German High Command. A popular,
award-winning biographical film released in 1970 helped transform
Patton into an American hero.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Between
The Wars TV Documentary Series DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, December 21, 2025December 21, 1937: #DOTD: #RIP: Frank B.
Kellogg, American lawyer, politician and statesman, U.S. Senator
from Minnesota, 45th United States Secretary Of State during the
Coolidge administration and Freemason, most notable as the
co-author of the Kellogg-Briand Pact for which he was awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize in 1929 (b. December 22, 1856) #dies of
pneumonia, following a stroke, on the eve of his 81st birthday in
St. Paul, Minnesota. He is buried at the Chapel of St. Joseph of
Arimathea in Washington National Cathedral, Washington, D.C. Frank
B. Kellogg was born Frank Billings Kellogg in Potsdam, New York.
The Kellogg-Briand Pact (or Pact of Paris, officially General
Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National
Policy) is a 1928 international agreement in which signatory
states promised not to use war to resolve "disputes or
conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be,
which may arise among them". Parties failing to abide by this
promise "should be denied of the benefits furnished by [the]
treaty". It was signed by Germany, France, and the United
States on 27 August 1928, and by most other nations soon after.
Sponsored by France and the U.S., the Pact renounces the use of
war and calls for the peaceful settlement of disputes. Similar
provisions were incorporated into the Charter of the United
Nations and other treaties and it became a stepping-stone to a
more activist American policy. It is named after its authors,
United States Secretary Of State Frank B. Kellogg and French
foreign minister Aristide Briand. The pact was concluded outside
the League Of Nations, and remains in effect. As a practical
matter, the Kellogg-Briand Pact did not live up to all of its
aims, but has arguably had some considerable success. It did not
end war or stop the rise of militarism, and was unable to keep the
international peace in succeeding years. Moreover, it erased the
legal distinction between War And Peace because the signatories
began to wage wars without declaring them. However, the pact is
associated with a marked decline in territorial conquest of one
nation by another in the periods before and after its signing: the
period from 1816 to 1928 saw on average one conquest every 10
months and 114,088 square miles of territory taken per year, while
the period since World War II has seen one conquest every four
years and 5,772 square miles of territory taken per year. After
WWII, territories that had been conquered between 1928 and WWII,
with some exceptions, were mostly returned to the countries that
had originally held them. The pact's central provisions renouncing
the use of war, and promoting peaceful settlement of disputes and
the use of collective force to prevent aggression, were
incorporated into the United Nations Charter and other treaties.
Although civil wars continued, wars between established states
have been rare since 1945, with a few exceptions in the Middle
East. One legal consequence is that it is unlawful to annex
territory by force, although other forms of annexation have not
been prevented. More broadly, there is now a strong presumption
against the legality of using, or threatening, military force
against another country. The pact also served as the legal basis
for the concept of a crime against peace, for which the Nuremberg
Tribunal and Tokyo Tribunal tried and executed the top leaders
responsible for starting World War II. In 1880, he became a member
of the Masonic Lodge Rochester No. 21, where he received the
degrees of freemasonry on April 1, April 19, and May 3.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Dangerous Years President Eisenhower And The Cold War DVD, MP4,
USB
Today, December 21, 2025December 21, 2013: #DOTD: #RIP: John
Eisenhower, United States Army general, military historian and
diplomat, 45th United States Ambassador to Belgium (b. August 3,
1922) #dies at Trappe, Maryland, aged 91. He is buried at West
Point Cemetery on the grounds of the United States Military
Academy. From the death of John Coolidge in 2000 until his own
death, Eisenhower was the oldest living presidential child. John
Eisenhower was born John Sheldon Doud Eisenhower at Denver General
Hospital in Denver, Colorado. The son of President Dwight D.
Eisenhower, his decorated military career spanned from before,
during, and after his father's presidency, and he would retire
from active duty in 1963 and then altogether in 1974. From 1969 to
1971, he served as United States Ambassador to Belgium during the
administration of President Richard Nixon, previously his father's
Vice President. Eisenhower was born on in Denver, Colorado to
future U.S. President and United States Army General of the Army
Dwight D. Eisenhower and his wife, Mamie; he was their second
child. Their elder son, Doud, known affectionately as "Icky",
died in 1921, at age three, after contracting scarlet fever.
Eisenhower, like his father, attended the United States Military
Academy at West Point, graduating on June 6, 1944, the same day as
the Normandy Landings, which his father was commanding. Eisenhower
served in the U.S. Army during World War II and the Korean War,
remaining on active duty until 1963; then serving in the U.S. Army
Reserve until retirement in 1975 - attaining the rank of brigadier
general. A decorated soldier, Eisenhower found his World War II
military career thwarted by fears for his safety and concern from
the top brass that his death or capture would be a distraction to
his father, the Supreme Allied Commander. During World War II, he
was assigned to intelligence and administrative duties. This issue
arose again in 1952 when Major Eisenhower was assigned to fight in
a combat unit in Korea while his father ran for President. But
unlike World War II, John was able to see combat in Korea. After
serving combat with an infantry battalion, he was reassigned to
the 3rd Division headquarters. During his father's presidency,
John Eisenhower served as Assistant Staff Secretary in the White
House, on the Army's General Staff, and in the White House as
assistant to General Andrew Goodpaster. In the administration of
President Richard Nixon, who had been his father's Vice President,
he served as U.S. Ambassador to Belgium from 1969 to 1971. In
1972, President Nixon appointed Eisenhower Chairman of the
Interagency Classification Review Committee. In 1975, he served
President Gerald Ford as chairman of the President's Advisory
Committee on Refugees. As a military historian, Eisenhower wrote
several books, including The Bitter Woods, a study of the Battle
Of The Bulge, and So Far from God, a history of the
Mexican-American War. In a New York Times review of the latter,
historian Stephen W. Sears remarked that Eisenhower "writes
briskly and authoritatively, and his judgments are worth reading."
Eisenhower wrote Zachary Taylor: The American Presidents Series:
The 12th President, 1849-1850 (2008). John Eisenhower also wrote
the forewords to Borrowed Soldiers, by Mitchell Yockelson of the
U.S. National Archives, and to Kenneth W. Rendell's Politics, War
and Personality: 50 Iconic Documents of World War II. In later
years, he had been an opponent of Frank Gehry's proposed design
for the National Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial, which he said was
"too extravagant" and "attempts to do too much."
A lifelong Republican, Eisenhower voted for Democrat John Kerry in
the 2004 Presidential election, citing dissatisfaction with
Republican incumbent George W. Bush's management of U.S. foreign
policy. During the 2008 presidential election, in which
presidential candidate John McCain and vice presidential
candidates Sarah Palin and Joe Biden all had children enlisted in
the armed forces, he wrote about his wartime experience as the son
of a sitting President in an cautionary opinion piece in The New
York Times entitled "Presidential Children Don't Belong in
Battle". Eisenhower married Barbara Jean Thompson on June 10,
1947, only a few days before her twenty-first birthday. Barbara
was born on June 15, 1926, in Fort Knox, Kentucky, into an Army
family. She was the daughter of Col. Percy Walter Thompson
(November 8, 1898 - June 19, 1974) by his wife Beatrice (nee
Birchfield). Col. Thompson was commander of the Allied
Expeditionary Forces. The Eisenhowers had four children: 1) Dwight
David Eisenhower II (born March 31, 1948, West Point, New York),
who married Julie Nixon, herself a presidential daughter; 2)
(Barbara) Anne Eisenhower (born May 30, 1949, West Point, New
York); 3) Susan Elaine Eisenhower (born December 31, 1951, Fort
Knox, Kentucky); and 4) Mary Jean Eisenhower (born December 21,
1955, Washington, DC). All of his daughters were presented as
debutantes to high society at the prestigious International
Debutante Ball at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. John
and Barbara divorced in 1986 after thirty-nine years of marriage.
In 1988, Barbara married widower Edwin J. Foltz, a former Vice
President at the Campbell Soup Company. She died on September 19,
2014, in Gladwyne, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. In 1988,
Eisenhower married Joanne Thompson. He lived in Trappe, Maryland,
after moving there from Kimberton, Pennsylvania.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Windy
City (1984) Kate Capshaw Josh Mostel John Shea MP4 Download DVD
Today, December 21, 2025December 21, 1946: #BOTD: #HBD! Josh
Mostel, American actor with numerous film and Broadway credits,
best known for his supporting roles in films such as Jesus Christ
Superstar (1973), Harry and Tonto (1974), Sophie's Choice (1982),
Windy City (1984), City Slickers (1991), Billy Madison (1995), and
Big Daddy (1999), is #born Joshua Mostel in New York City to Kate
Mostel (born Kathryn Celia Harkin), an actress, dancer, and
writer, and iconic comic actor Zero Mostel (born Samuel Joel
Mostel).
https://store.earthstation1.com/windy-city-1984-kate-capshaw-josh-mostel-john-shea-mp4-download-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Fighting Lady USS Yorktown + Battle Of Midway & USS Hornet MP4
DVD
Today, December 21, 2025December 21, 1944: Aesthetics: Performing
Arts: Premieres: Film Premieres: American Film Premieres: -- The
Fighting Lady, a 1944 documentary film (billed as a "newsdrama")
directed by Edward Steichen, produced by the U.S. Navy and
narrated by Lt. Robert Taylor USNR, is released to theaters. The
plot of the film revolves around the life of seamen on board an
anonymous aircraft carrier; because of war time restrictions, the
name of the aircraft carrier was disguised as "the Fighting
Lady", although she was later identified as USS Yorktown
(CV-10). The film uses Technicolor footage shot by "gun
cameras" mounted directly on aircraft guns during combat.
This gives a very realistic edge to the film, while the
chronological following of the ship and crew mirror the
experiences of the seamen who went from green recruits through the
rigours of military life, battle, and, for some, death. In his
autobiography Baa Baa Black Sheep, U.S. Marine Corps ace pilot
Gregory "Pappy" Boyington claims that the film briefly
shows the small pit in which he and five other prisoners of war
took cover during the Truk raid. Boyington had been captured by
the Japanese and was being transported to a prison camp on the
Truk islands when the raid began. Boyington writes that the
prisoners, tied and blindfolded, were thrown from their transport
plane during a hurried landing, and that one of their Japanese
captors saved their lives by throwing them into the pit, where
they survived without harm. According to Boyington, the film also
shows a crater from a two-thousand pound bomb that landed just
fifteen feet from the pit. Due to her fighting heritage, and to
honor all carrier sailors and airmen, the Yorktown is on permanent
display at Patriots Point in Charleston, SC. Alfred Newman's
musical theme originally appeared in Vigil in the Night and was
reused in Hell and High Water and in many 20th Century Fox film
trailers.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: War
Jets: The General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, December 21, 2025December 21, 1964: Aviation: The History
Of Aviation: The History Of Military Aviation: Maiden Flights:
Military Aviation Maiden Flights: -- The test F-111A aircraft,
which was powered by YTF30-P-1 turbofan jet engines and used a set
of ejector seats as the escape capsule was not yet available, make
its first flight from Carswell Air Force Base, Texas. Lasting for
22 minutes, less than planned due to a flap malfunction, this
initial flight was considered to be satisfactory overall. The
General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark is a retired supersonic,
medium-range, multirole combat aircraft. Production variants of
the F-111 had roles that included ground attack (e.g.
interdiction), strategic bombing (including nuclear weapons
capabilities), reconnaissance and electronic warfare. Developed in
the 1960s by General Dynamics, the F-111 entered service in 1967
with the United States Air Force (USAF). The Royal Australian Air
Force (RAAF) also ordered the type and began operating the F-111C
variant in 1973. The F-111 pioneered several technologies for
production aircraft, including variable-sweep wings, afterburning
turbofan engines, and automated terrain-following radar for
low-level, high-speed flight. Its design influenced later
variable-sweep wing aircraft, and some of its advanced features
have since become commonplace. The F-111 suffered a variety of
problems during initial development. A fighter variant, the
F-111B, was not accepted for production. The F-111B was intended
to perform aircraft carrier-based roles with the US Navy,
including long-range interception. USAF F-111s were retired during
the 1990s with the F-111Fs in 1996 and EF-111s in 1998. The F-111
was replaced in USAF service by the F-15E Strike Eagle for
medium-range precision strike missions, while the supersonic
bomber role has been assumed by the B-1B Lancer. The RAAF
continued to operate the type until December 2010, when the last
F-111C was retired. The name Aardvark was derived from perceived
similarities of the aircraft to the animal of the same name: a
long nose and low-level, terrain-following capabilities. The word
aardvark originated in the Afrikaans language, as a contraction of
"earth-pig", and this was the source of the F-111's
nickname of "Pig", during its Australian service.
https://store.earthstation1.com/war-jets-the-general-dynamics-f111-aardvark-111.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: War
Jets: The Grumman F-14 Tomcat DVD MP4 Download USB Flash Drive
Today, December 21, 2025December 21, 1970: Aviation: The History
Of Aviation: The History Of Military Aviation: Maiden Flights:
Military Aviation Maiden Flights: -- The first flight of the
Grumman F-14 Tomcat F-14 multi-role combat aircraft takes place in
its initial F-14A two-seat, twin-engine, all-weather interceptor
fighter variant prototype form, the first of 12 F-14As (sometimes
called YF-14As). Modifications late in its service life added
precision strike munitions to its armament. The U.S. Navy received
478 F-14A aircraft and 79 were received by Iran. The final 102
F-14As were delivered with improved Pratt & Whitney
TF30-P-414A engines. Additionally, an 80th F-14A was manufactured
for Iran, but was delivered to the U.S. Navy. The Grumman F-14
Tomcat is a twin-engine, all-weather, two-seat, twin-tail,
variable-sweep wing fleet defense interceptor, air superiority
fighter, tactical aerial reconnaissance platform and multirole
fighter aircraft. The Tomcat was developed for the United States
Navy's Naval Fighter Experimental (VFX) program after the collapse
of the F-111B project. The F-14 was the first of the American Teen
Series fighters, which were designed incorporating air combat
experience against MiG fighters during the Vietnam War. The F-14
made its first deployment in 1974 with the U.S. Navy aboard USS
Enterprise (CVN-65), replacing the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom
II. The F-14 served as the U.S. Navy's primary maritime air
superiority fighter, fleet defense interceptor, and tactical
aerial reconnaissance platform into the 2000s. The Low Altitude
Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night (LANTIRN) pod system
was added in the 1990s and the Tomcat began performing precision
ground-attack missions. In the 1980s, F-14s were used as
land-based interceptors by the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force
during the Iran-Iraq War, where they saw combat against Iraqi
warplanes. Iranian F-14s reportedly shot down at least 160 Iraqi
aircraft during the war, while only 12 to 16 Tomcats were lost; at
least half of these losses were due to accidents. The Tomcat was
retired by U.S. Navy on September 2006 22, having been supplanted
by the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. The F-14 remains in service
with Iran's air force, having been exported to Iran under the
Pahlavi regime in 1976. In November 2015, reports emerged of
Iranian F-14s flying escort for Russian Tupolev Tu-95, Tu-160, and
Tu-22M bombers on air strikes in Syria.
https://store.earthstation1.com/war-jets-the-grumman-f14-tomcat-d14.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: NBC
University Theater Of The Air Literature Radio Series MP3 DVD USB
Today, December 21, 2025December 21, 1940: #DOTD: #RIP: F. Scott
Fitzgerald, American novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and
short-story writer (b. September 24, 1896) #dies in Hollywood, Los
Angeles County, California of a heart attack, aged just 44. On the
night of December 20, 1940, Fitzgerald and Graham attended the
premiere of This Thing Called Love starring Rosalind Russell and
Melvyn Douglas. As the two were leaving the Pantages Theater,
Fitzgerald experienced a dizzy spell and had trouble walking;
upset, he said to Graham, "They think I am drunk, don't
they?" The following day, as Fitzgerald ate a candy bar and
made notes in his newly arrived Princeton Alumni Weekly, Graham
saw him jump from his armchair, grab the mantelpiece, gasp, and
fall to the floor. She ran to the manager of the building, Harry
Culver. Upon entering the apartment to assist Fitzgerald, Culver
stated, "I'm afraid he's dead." Among the attendees at a
visitation held at a funeral home was Dorothy Parker, who
reportedly cried and murmured "the poor son-of-a-bitch",
a line from Jay Gatsby's funeral in Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby.
His body was transported to Bethesda, Maryland, where his funeral
was attended by only thirty people; among the attendees were his
only child, Scottie Fitzgerald, and his editor, Maxwell Perkins.
At the time of his death, the Roman Catholic Church denied the
family's request that Fitzgerald, a non-practicing Catholic, be
buried in the family plot in the Catholic Saint Mary's Cemetery in
Rockville, Maryland. Fitzgerald was instead buried at Rockville
Union Cemetery. When Zelda Fitzgerald died in 1948, in a fire at
the Highland Mental Hospital, she was originally buried next to
him at Rockville Union. In 1975, Scottie successfully petitioned
to have the earlier decision revisited, and her parents' remains
were moved to the family plot in Saint Mary's. Born Francis Scott
Key Fitzgerald in St. Paul, Minnesota, he was best known for his
novels depicting the flamboyance and excess of the Jazz Age, a
term which he coined. During his lifetime, he published four
novels, four collections of short stories, and 164 short stories.
Although he temporarily achieved popular success and fortune in
the 1920s, Fitzgerald only received wide critical and popular
acclaim after his death. He is widely regarded as one of the
greatest American writers of the 20th century. Fitzgerald was born
into an upper-middle-class family in St. Paul, Minnesota, but was
primarily raised in New York. He attended Princeton University,
but due to a failed relationship and a preoccupation with writing,
he dropped out in 1917 to join the army. While stationed in
Alabama, he fell in love with rich socialite Zelda Sayre. Although
she initially rejected him due to his financial situation, Zelda
agreed to marry Fitzgerald after he had published the commercially
successful This Side of Paradise (1920). In the 1920s, Fitzgerald
frequented Europe, where he was influenced by the modernist
writers and artists of the "Lost Generation" expatriate
community, particularly Ernest Hemingway. His second novel, The
Beautiful and Damned (1922), propelled him into the New York City
elite. To maintain his lifestyle during this time, he also wrote
several stories for magazines. His third novel, The Great Gatsby
(1925), was inspired by his rise to fame and relationship with
Zelda. Although it received mixed reviews, The Great Gatsby is now
widely praised, with some even labeling it the "Great
American Novel". While Zelda was placed at a mental institute
for her schizophrenia, Fitzgerald completed his final novel,
Tender Is the Night (1934). Faced with financial difficulties due
to the declining popularity of his works, Fitzgerald turned to
Hollywood, writing and revising screenplays. After a long struggle
with alcoholism, he died in 1940, at the age of 44. A fifth,
unfinished novel, The Last Tycoon (1941), was completed by Edmund
Wilson and published after Fitzgerald's death.
https://store.earthstation1.com/nbc-university-theater-of-the-air-otr-mp3-dv3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Waldheim: A Commission Of Inquiry Kurt Waldheim WWII DVD MP4 USB
Drive
Today, December 21, 2025December 21, 1918: #BOTD: Kurt Waldheim,
Austrian colonel, war criminal, and politician, 9th President of
Austria and fourth Secretary-General of the United Nations (d.
June 14, 2007) is #born Kurt Josef Waldheim in Sankt
Andra-Wordern, near Vienna, Austria. While was running for the
1986 presidential election, the revelation of his service in
Thessaloniki, Greece and in Yugoslavia, as an intelligence officer
in Nazi Germany's Wehrmacht during World War II raised controversy
over what became known internationally as the "Waldheim
affair". Before the presidential elections, investigative
journalist Alfred Worm revealed in the Austrian weekly news
magazine Profil that there had been several omissions about
Waldheim's life between 1938 and 1945 in his recently published
autobiography. Waldheim had previously claimed to have received a
medical discharge after being wounded in winter 1942. His aides at
the United Nations even accused the Israeli mission of spreading
rumors that he supported the Nazis. Israeli ambassador Yehuda Zvi
Blum denied the charges, saying, "We don't believe Waldheim
ever supported the Nazis and we never said he did." A short
time later, the World Jewish Congress alleged that Waldheim had
lied about his service in the mounted corps of the SA and had
concealed his service as a special missions staff officer
(Ordonnanzoffizier) for Germany's Army Group E in Yugoslavia and
Greece, from 1942 to 1944, based primarily on captured German
wartime records held at the United States National Archives in
Washington, DC, and in other archives. The 23 March 1986 public
disclosure by the World Jewish Congress that the organization had
unearthed the fact that the United Nations War Crimes Commission
concluded after the war that Waldheim was implicated in Nazi mass
murder and should be arrested arguably transformed the Waldheim
affair into the most sensational of all postwar Nazi scandals.
Waldheim called the allegations, which grew in magnitude in the
ensuing months, "pure lies and malicious acts".
Nevertheless, he admitted that he had known about German reprisals
against partisans: "Yes, I knew. I was horrified. But what
could I do? I had either to continue to serve or be executed."
He said that he had never fired a shot or even seen a partisan.
His former immediate superior at the time stated that Waldheim had
"remained confined to a desk". Former Austrian
chancellor Bruno Kreisky, of Jewish origin, denounced the actions
of the World Jewish Congress as an "extraordinary infamy",
adding that Austrians would not "allow the Jews abroad to ...
tell us who should be our President." Part of the reason for
the controversy was Austria's refusal to address its national role
in the Holocaust. (Many leading Nazis, including Adolf Hitler,
were Austrians, and Austria became part of the Third Reich.)
Austria refused to pay compensation to Nazi victims, and from 1970
onwards refused to investigate Austrian citizens who were senior
Nazis. Stolen Jewish art remained public property a generation
after the Waldheim affair. Because the revelations leading to the
Waldheim affair came shortly before the presidential election,
there has been speculation about the background of the affair.
Declassified documents from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency
show that the CIA had been aware of some details of his wartime
past since 1945. Information about Waldheim's wartime past was
also previously published by a pro-German Austrian newspaper,
Salzburger Volksblatt, during the 1971 presidential election
campaign, including the claim of an SS membership, but the matter
was supposedly regarded as unimportant or even advantageous for
the candidate at that time. According to several of Waldheim's
obituarists, his wartime past and the discrepancies in his
autobiography, In the Eye of the Storm, must have been known to
both superpowers before he was elected UN Secretary-General, and
there were allegations that the KGB had blackmailed him during his
UN time. In 1994, former Mossad officer Victor Ostrovsky claimed
in his book The Other Side of Deception that Mossad doctored
Waldheim's file while he was serving as Secretary-General to
implicate him in Nazi crimes. These allegedly false documents were
subsequently "discovered" by Benjamin Netanyahu in the
UN file and triggered the "Waldheim Affair". Ostrovsky
says that this was motivated by Waldheim's criticism of Israel's
war in Lebanon. Controversy surrounds Ostrovsky because many of
his revelations have not been sourced or otherwise confirmed,
leading several critics to say that most of his work (including
The Other Side of Deception) is fictional. Ostrovsky's service in
Mossad was confirmed when the Israeli government unsuccessfully
attempted to stop publication of the book. In view of the ongoing
international controversy, the Austrian government decided to
appoint an international committee of historians to examine
Waldheim's life between 1938 and 1945. Their report found no
evidence of any personal involvement in those crimes. Although
Waldheim had stated that he was unaware of any crimes taking
place, the committee cited evidence that Waldheim must have known
about war crimes. On 27 April 1987, the United States Department
Of Justice and the United States Department of State announced
that evidence amassed in an investigation conducted by the Justice
Department's Office of Special Investigations (OSI) had
established a prima facie case that Waldheim participated in
Nazi-sponsored persecution during World War II and therefore that
his entry into the United States was prohibited by federal
statute. This marked the first time that a head of state had been
put on an immigration watchlist. The 232-page internal Department
Of Justice 9 April 1987 investigative report was released in 1994
by that agency, and it is available at the agency's website.The
report catalogues evidence that, the U.S. government concluded,
proved that Waldheim had taken part in, among other actions: the
transfer of civilian prisoners to the SS for exploitation as slave
labor; the mass deportation of civilians-including Jews from Greek
islands and the town of Banja Luka, Yugoslavia-to concentration
and death camps; the utilization of anti-Semitic propaganda; the
mistreatment and execution of Allied prisoners; and reprisal
executions of hostages and other civilians. Additional allegations
of participation in Nazi crimes, with citations to captured Nazi
documents and other records, were leveled in a 1993 book by Eli
Rosenbaum, the former U.S. federal prosecutor who had directed the
World Jewish Congress investigation that led to the New York
Times' initial exposure of Waldheim's hidden Nazi-era past in
1986. The authors also cited evidence that the governments of the
Soviet Union and Yugoslavia had covered up Waldheim's wartime past
and used it to blackmail him before and during his tenure as
United Nations Secretary General, and that the U.S. intelligence
community had committed a major error in failing to detect the
Cold War weaponization of that information by the two communist
governments. Kurt Waldheim died in Vienna, Austria at the age of
88 of heart failure. His funeral was held on June 23 at St.
Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, and he was buried at the Presidential
Vault in the Vienna Central Cemetery (German: Wiener
Zentralfriedhof), one of the largest cemeteries in the world by
number of interred, and the most-known cemetery among Vienna's
nearly 50 cemeteries.
https://store.earthstation1.com/waldheim-a-commission-of-inquiry-kurt-waldheim-wwii-dvd-mp4-usb-driv4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Pioneers Of Surgery Documentary TV Series DVD, MP4 Download, USB
Drive
Today, December 21, 2025December 21, 1967: Medicine: The History
Of Medicine: Surgery: The History Of Surgery: Cardiac Surgery: The
History Of Cardiac Surgery: The First Human-To-Human Heart
Transplant: -- #DOTD: #RIP: Louis Washkansky, the first man to
undergo a human-to-human heart transplant, #dies in Cape Town,
South Africa, having lived for 18 days after the transplant. In
the early morning hours of a Sunday December 3, 1967 at Groote
Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, a transplant team
headed by Christiaan Barnard carried out the heart transplant on
Washkansky, a 54-year-old grocer who was suffering from diabetes
and incurable heart disease, was the patient. Barnard was assisted
by his brother Marius Barnard, as well as a team of thirty staff
members. The operation lasted approximately five hours. Barnard
stated to Washkansky and his wife Ann Washkansky that the
transplant had an 80% chance of success. This has been criticised
by the ethicists Peter Singer and Helga Kuhse as making claims for
chances of success to the patient and family which were
"unfounded" and "misleading". Barnard later
wrote, "For a dying man it is not a difficult decision
because he knows he is at the end. If a lion chases you to the
bank of a river filled with crocodiles, you will leap into the
water, convinced you have a chance to swim to the other side."
The donor heart came from a young woman, Denise Darvall, who had
been rendered brain dead in an accident the day prior on December
2 1967, while crossing a street in Cape Town. On examination at
Groote Schuur hospital, Darvall had two serious fractures in her
skull, with no electrical activity in her brain detected, and no
sign of pain when ice water was poured into her ear.] Coert Venter
and Bertie Bosman requested permission from Darvall's father for
Denise's heart to be used in the transplant attempt. The afternoon
before his first transplant, Barnard dozed at his home while
listening to music. When he awoke, he decided to modify Shumway
and Lower's technique. Instead of cutting straight across the back
of the atrial chambers of the donor heart, he would avoid damage
to the septum and instead cut two small holes for the venae cavae
and pulmonary veins. Prior to the transplant, rather than wait for
Darvall's heart to stop beating, at his brother Marius Barnard's
urging, Christiaan had injected potassium into her heart to
paralyse it and render her technically dead by the whole-body
standard. Twenty years later, Marius Barnard recounted, "Chris
stood there for a few moments, watching, then stood back and said,
'It works.'" Washkansky survived the operation and lived for
18 days, having succumbed to pneumonia as he was taking
immunosuppressive drugs.
https://store.earthstation1.com/pioneers-of-surgery-dvd-set-4-episode-tv-series-2-dis42.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: I Want
My Music TV! 1980s Music Television Videos MP4 Download DVD Set
Today, December 21, 2025( #JCKaelin here: Eric Clapton has said
that his work on the 1967 Cream album "Disraeli Gears"
was inspired by Albert King, particularly the song "Strange
Brew", in which Clapton copied note-for-note King's lead
guitar solo on the song "Crosscut Saw"! =========
December 21, 1992: #DOTD: #RIP: Albert King, African American
blues singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. April 25,
1923) #dies of a heart attack in his Memphis, Tennesee home, aged
69. His final concert had been in Los Angeles two days earlier. He
was given a funeral procession with the Memphis Horns playing
"When The Saints Go Marching In" and was buried in
Paradise Gardens Cemetery in Edmondson, Arkansas, near his
childhood home. King was survived by his wife, Glendle; two
daughters, Evelyn Smith and Gloria Randolph; a son, Donald
Randolph; a sister, Elvie Wells; eight grandchildren, and ten
great-grandchildren. Albert King was born Albert Nelson in
Indianola, Mississippi. Known by his stage name Albert King, he
was an American blues guitarist and singer whose playing
influenced many other blues guitarists. He is perhaps best known
for the popular and influential album Born Under a Bad Sign (1967)
and its title track. He is one of the three performers (together
with B.B. King and Freddie King) known as the "Kings of the
Blues." King was known for his "deep, dramatic sound
that was widely imitated by both blues and rock guitarists."
He was also known as "The Velvet Bulldozer" because of
his smooth singing and large size - he stood taller than average,
with sources reporting 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) or 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m),
and weighed 250 lb (110 kg) - and also because he drove a
bulldozer in one of his day jobs early in his career. King was
inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1983. He was posthumously
inducted into The Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame in 2013. In 2011, he
was ranked #13 on Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Guitarists of All
Time. Eric Clapton has said that his work on the 1967 Cream album
"Disraeli Gears" was inspired by Albert King,
particularly the song "Strange Brew", in which Clapton
copied note-for-note King's lead guitar solo on the song "Crosscut
Saw".
https://store.earthstation1.com/i-want-my-music-tv-dvd-late-1980s-vi1980.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Henrik
Ibsen Documentary + Bonus Hedda Gabbler DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, December 21, 2025December 21, 1879: Premieres: -- Henrik
Ibsen's A Doll's House premieres at the Royal Danish Theatre in
Copenhagen, Denmark. A Doll's House (Danish and Bokmal: Et
dukkehjem; also translated as A Doll House) is a three-act play
written by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen. It premiered at the
Royal Theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark, on 21 December 1879, having
been published earlier that month. The play is set in a Norwegian
town circa 1879. The play is significant for the way it deals with
the fate of a married woman, who at the time in Norway lacked
reasonable opportunities for self-fulfillment in a male-dominated
world, despite the fact that Ibsen denies it was his intent to
write a feminist play. It aroused a great sensation at the time,
and caused a "storm of outraged controversy" that went
beyond the theatre to the world newspapers and society. In 2006,
the centennial of Ibsen's death, A Doll's House held the
distinction of being the world's most performed play that year.
UNESCO has inscribed Ibsen's autographed manuscripts of A Doll's
House on the Memory of the World Register in 2001, in recognition
of their historical value. The title of the play is most commonly
translated as A Doll's House, though some scholars use A Doll
House. John Simon says that A Doll's House is "the British
term for what [Americans] call a 'dollhouse'". Egil Tornqvist
says of the alternative title: "Rather than being superior to
the traditional rendering, it simply sounds more idiomatic to
Americans."
https://store.earthstation1.com/henrik-ibsen-dvd-playwright-documentary.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: DJ
Madness! 1950s-60s-70s Radio Shows DVD, MP3 Download, USB Drive
Today, December 21, 2025December 21, 1942: #BOTD: #HBD! Carla
Thomas, often referred to as "The Queen Of Memphis Soul",
African American singer, best known for her 1960s recordings for
Atlantic and Stax including the hits "Because I Love You"
(recorded with her father Rufus Thomas), Gee Whiz (Look at His
Eyes)" (1960), "B-A-B-Y" (1966) and "Tramp"
(1967), a duet with Otis Redding, is #born Carla Venita Thomas in
the Foote Homes Projects in Memphis, Tennessee. Carla's biggest
influence was her father, Rufus. Besides accompanying him during
his 'MC' days at the Palace Theater, Rufus also encouraged and
believed in his daughter's ability. According to Carla, "My
dad probably discovered I could sing before I did". He was
also instrumental in setting the stage for her Teen Town Singers
gig and for actively pursuing and promoting her breakthrough
single, "Gee Whiz". Musically, Thomas was inspired by
Jackie Wilson and Brenda Lee.
https://store.earthstation1.com/dj-radio-airchecks-mp3-dvd-1950s60s70s-dis319506070.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Golden Age Of Second Avenue DVD, MP4 Video Download, Flash Drive
Today, December 21, 2025December 21, 1992: #DOTD: #RIP: Stella
Adler, Jewish American beauty, actress and acting teacher of the
Yiddish Theater's Adler dynasty (b. February 10, 1901) #dies of
heart failure at the age of 91 in Los Angeles, California. She is
buried at Mount Carmel Cemetery in Glendale, New York. Stella
Adler was born in Manhattan's Lower East Side in New York City.
She was the youngest daughter of Sara and Jacob P. Adler, the
sister of Luther, Jay, Frances, and Julia Adler and half-sister of
Charles Adler and Celia Adler, star of the Yiddish Theater. All
five of her siblings were actors. The Adlers comprised the Jewish
American Adler acting dynasty, which had its start in the Yiddish
Theater District and was a significant part of the vibrant ethnic
theatrical scene that thrived in New York from the late 19th
century to the 1950s. Stella Adler became the most famous and
influential member of her family. She began acting at the age of
four as a part of the Independent Yiddish Art Company of her
parents. She shifted to producing, directing, and teaching,
founding the Stella Adler Studio of Acting in New York City in
1949. Later in life she taught part time in Los Angeles, with the
assistance of her protegee, actress Joanne Linville, who continued
to teach Adler's technique.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-golden-age-of-second-ave-yiddish-theatre-in-america-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Women's
Rights Women's Suffrage The Women's Movement MP4 Download DVD
Today, December 21, 2025December 21, 1950: #DOTD #RIP: Hattie
Wyatt Caraway, American democratic politician who became the first
woman elected to serve a full term as a United States Senator, the
first to be re-elected, and the first woman to preside over the
Senate (b. February 1, 1878) #dies while still in office in Falls
Church, Virginia of a stroke sustained in January of that year,
aged 72. She is buried in Oaklawn Cemetery in Jonesboro, Arkansas.
Hattie Wyatt Caraway was born Hattie Wyatt near rural Bakerville
in Humphreys County in west-central Tennessee. Hattie Ophelia
Wyatt Caraway;s husband Thaddeus Caraway was elected the U.S.
Senator from Arkansas in 1920. Following his March 3, 1931 death,
she filled the remainder of his term; following the precedent of
appointing widows to temporarily take their husbands' places,
Arkansas governor Harvey Parnell appointed Hattie Caraway to the
vacant seat, and she was sworn into office on December 9. With the
Democratic Party of Arkansas's backing, she easily won a special
election in January 1932 for the remaining months of the term,
becoming the first woman elected to the Senate. In May 1932,
Caraway surprised Arkansas politicians by announcing that she
would run for a full term in the upcoming election. Lacking any
significant political backing, Caraway accepted the active support
of fellow Senator Huey Long, of neighboring Louisiana. Caraway
went on to win the general election in November, with the
accompanying victory of Franklin D. Roosevelt as U.S. President.
Caraway was reelected in 1948, and served a total of 14 years in
the Senate. On her final day in the Senate, she received a rare
standing ovation from her all-male colleagues. Roosevelt then
appointed her to the Employees' Compensation Commission, and in
1946, President Harry S. Truman gave her a post on the Employees'
Compensation Appeals Board, on which she served until she suffered
a stroke in January 1950 that caused her death at the end of the
year.
https://store.earthstation1.com/women39s-suffrage-amp-the-women39s-movement-dvd-mp4-usb-39394.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Judy
Garland In Concert & Conversation DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, December 21, 2025December 21: Short Girl Appreciation Day:
-- Don't come up short on ways to celebrate the small ladies in
your life! If you're a short girl yourself, you know the genetic
lottery you've won - they always make cute shoes in smaller sizes,
your feet are never going to hang off the bed, and there are even
health benefits associated with being a little vertically
challenged. Go shorty, it's your holiday! When the cups are on the
tallest shelf of the tallest cabinet, it's not always fun to be
short. But how great it is that you're always at the top of the
human pyramid? And when have you ever hit your head on a door
frame? Short Girl Appreciation Day was started to celebrate the
smaller ladies in our lives, and maybe help them grab that
out-of-reach item. However, being a "short girl" has
meant different things throughout the years and places! Tiny
doorways in the 1700s proved that while a 5'2" woman today
might be considered on the short side, they would have been
completely average in a different time! Even average men between
the 12th and 16th centuries would be considered short by today's
standards. These days, the average female height is 5'4".
Though buildings, roads, and cities are only getting larger
worldwide, short women are keeping up! Today, women are taller on
average than our ancestors even just 100 years ago. Still, women
in Indonesia, Bolivia, and the Philippines are on the shorter end
of the global average, hovering around just 5 feet! This proves
that "short" totally depends on where you are. Short
women make a huge impact. "America's Sweetheart" Judy
Garland (Dorothy in "The Wizard of Oz.") was only 4'11",
"Miss Sassy" aka "The Divine One" Sarah Vaughn
(Jazz Singer extraordinaire) came in at 5' 3 1/2, Emilia Clarke
(Mother of Dragons!) stands only 5'2", as does makeup and
reality TV mogul Kim Kardashian. Lady Gaga checks in at 5'1",
and superstar Olympic gymnast Simone Biles is only 4'8".
These ladies prove that whether it's onstage, on the Olympic
podium, or anywhere else, being short does not stunt your success.
https://store.earthstation1.com/judy-garland-in-concert-dvd-rare-tv-appearances.html